Current NEO statistics During the last month the global numbered asteroid catalogue (including main belt asteroid) surpassed the threshold of half million objects. The number of known NEOs surpassed 17 000, thanks to more than 300 discoveries in a single month.

The Spacewatch project, located in Arizona, is probably the oldest of the asteroid survey still active today. They were the dominant discoverers of new asteroids in the ‘gos, and the pioneers of using CCDs to find new NEOs.

For the first time in the history of NEA observations more than 2 000 new NEAs have been discovered in one calendar year, resulting in a monthly average of nearly 170 new asteroids. In addition, 2017 was the fifth year in a row with NEA discoveries above a thousand.

On 10 February 1896 at 09:30 a large fireball appeared in the sky over the Spanish capital, Madrid. The bolide exploded at high-altitude and an air-burst was reported by many observers. Slightly more than one minute after the explosion the shock wave reached the city, causing quite some fear among the population.

In our newsletter of December last year, we devoted this section to the discovery of asteroid 1997 XF11. Twenty years ago, on 11 March 1998, astronomer B. Marsden released an IAU Circular stating that the asteroid would pass within 0.002 au of Earth on 26 October 2028.

Over the past few weeks some media outlets discussed the future impact possibilities of asteroid (101955) Bennu, the target of the ongoing NASA mission Osiris-REx. Bennu is indeed ranked near the top of our risk list, but the earliest year when an impact is possible is 2175, not 2135 as some reports stated.

On 25 April 2018 ESA’s Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium published the second release of the mission data products (known as Data Release 2, or DR2 for short). For the first time, Gaia astrometry of more than 14 000 known asteroids was made public, showing that the spacecraft can achieve astrometric precisions at the milliarcsecond level.

Current NEO statistics About 4% of the known NEO population is in the risk list. This value has remained roughly constant over the past years even if the discovery rate has increased.

In October 2017 the Pan-STARRS survey discovered the first known interstellar object transiting through our Solar System. Named ‘Oumuamua by the discoverers, it soon became the focus of numerous observations by the world's largest professional telescopes.

On 27 June 2018, after a cruise phase of 3.5 years, the Japanese Hayabusa 2 spacecraft rendezvoused with its target, near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu. The first images sent back by the mission's cameras show a nearly spherical object, much more symmetric

The Fly-Eye Telescope is an innovative project of ESA‘s SSA-NEO Segment that will focus on survey and follow-up of NEOs. Another important milestone on the way to build the telescope was achieved: from 30 July to 1 August ESA attended the acceptance test of the equatorial mount at its production site in Verona, Italy.

Ten years ago, on 6 October 2008,Richard Kowalski, an observer of the Catalina Sky Survey, spotted the first-ever asteroid found on an imminent collision course with the Earth. Over the following hours, hundreds of astrometric observations, plus light curves and spectroscopic data, were collected by observers all over the world.

On 19 October a very small asteroid, designated as 2018 UA, was discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey, and quickly flagged as a potential very close approacher. Immediate follow-up observations by both Catalina and the Spacewatch project led to a much more accurate orbit solution.

The month of December this year marks the fifth anniversary of the launch of ESA’s Gaia spacecraft. The mission, now operating continuously near the Earth-Sun L2 Lagrangian point, has already revolutionized many fields of astronomy, thanks to the broad and exquisite quality of the data it is producing.

For the first time since 2012 the year that just ended did not break all records of annual NEO discoveries. This was mostly due to unusually poor weather in Hawaii, where many current NEO discovery surveys are located.

This year on 8 February marks the 50th anniversary of the fall of the Allende meteorite, the largest carbonaceous chondrite ever found. The atmospheric entry and impact happened at night local time, and were therefore well observed over the entire Northern Mexico. About 2 tonnes of fragments were later collected on ground in a strewn field of about 50 km size.

On 1 February 2019 a bright daytime fireball was seen by multiple eyewitnesses around the area of Gulf of Mexico. It exploded over the western tip of Cuba, producing a significant shockwave felt by local residents, and the fall of a large number of stony meteorites, mostly near the village of Viflales.

The first edition of the Planetary Defense Conference (PDC) managed by the International Academy of Astronautics happened exactly 10 years ago,in the week of 27-30 April 2009 (before the IAA became involved, there were two other PDCs, both in the USA). The conference was held in Granada, Spain, and was the first of a biennial IAA series that is continuing this month, with the 6th conference being held in College Park, USA.

The number of known NEAs reached the round total of 20 000 at the end oflast month. This group of asteroids is steadily growing at a pace of roughly 160 new discoveries each month, thanks to the work done by the main asteroid surveys.

May will likely be the last month before summer with an average rate of NEO discoveries. Starting in June, most surveys in the South-West of the United States will likely temporarily decrease their productivity due to the summer monsoon season.

On 22 June 2019, around 21:26 UT (17:26 local time), a roughly 5-metre object entered the atmosphere over the Caribbean Sea, and exploded at an altitude of about 25 km over the sea surface, releasing an energy roughly equivalent to 3 kt of TNT. The explosion was first detected by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) instrument on board the GOES-16 geostationary satellite.

Close approach fact sheet for asteroid (3122) Florence. The fly-by is not very close to the Earth, but the object is large in size.

A small size asteroid will approach the Earth on 12 October 2017. The expected minimum distance is just above the geostationary ring, thus being a good target for radar observations.

The asteroid ground track is provided below starting one day before the closest approach and extending for 1.5 days. The curve represents the movement of the sub-asteroid point over the Earth along the mentioned time interval. The track starts in the Pacific ocean at magnitude 16 and progresses westwards.

Close approach fact sheet for asteroid 2010WC9. A small asteroid impacted the Earth on 15 May 2018.

The asteroid ground track displayed below represents the movement of the sub-asteroid point over the Earth, from the time of the first observation to its approach to the Southern part of Africa, just before its impact.

Close approach fact sheet for asteroid 2018WV1. A small asteroid impacted the Earth on 02 December 2018

A new paper by Alessio Del Vigna and collaborators, published this week in the Astronomy and Astrophysics journal, significantly revised the chances of impact of (410777) 2009 FD.

Asteroid 2006 QV89, a small object 20 to 50 meters in diameter, has been in the news lately, because of a very small 1-in-7000 chance of impact with the Earth on 9 September 2019.

Hera will show us things we have never seen before. Astrophysicist and Queen guitarist Brian May tells in the next video the story of the ESA mission that would be humanity's first-ever spacecraft...

Introduction The European Space Agency (herein the “Agency” or “ESA”) is an intergovernmental organisation established by its Convention opened for signature in Paris on 30 May 1975 having its...

For the fifth year, Asteroid Day is going to be celebrated worldwide on 30 June.

Asteroid and Comet Trajectory Propagator (NEOPROP) In 2012, Astos Solutions developed for ESA a new orbital propagator algorithm in order to assess the potential risk of impact of an NEO. The...

Directly the PDO manager Richard Moissl Head of the Planetary Defence Office Space Safety Programme ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy richard.moissl[@]esa.int  

NEO Information Centres NEODyS - The Near-Earth Object Dynamic Site https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/ AstDyS - The Asteroids Dynamic Site https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/ The Minor Planet...

Albedo The ratio of reflected sunlight to incident sunlight. Given an albedo and the distance of the asteroid from the Sun and the observer, the size of an object can be estimated from its...

It is widely acknowledged that NEO science is intriguing and often goes against common sense. A clear understanding of the meaning and importance of any text concerning near-Earth objects, their...

The possibility of browsing through the largest possible set of astronomical images and download them for inspection is extremely useful in order to find possible unidentified detections of NEOs or...

The ESA NEO Coordination Centre (NEOCC) is the operational centre of ESA’s Planetary Defence Office (PDO) within the Space Safety Programme (S2P). It is located at ESA's establishment ESRIN...

Fireballs and bright meteors are small-sized NEOs, typically centimetres to metres in diameter, that collide with the Earth. They are sufficiently small to disintegrate almost completely in the...

ESA’s Planetary Defence Office (PDO) has participated with several presentations at the 6th IAA Planetary Defense Conference held in College Park, near Washington, between 29 April and 3 May.

A newly-established collaboration between our team and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) led to the first-ever observation of an NEA with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We...

The number of known near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) reached the round total of 20 000 this week. This family of asteroids whose orbit brings them close to Earth is steadily growing at a pace of roughly...

A few months ago a long thin tail was noticed on main belt asteroid (6478) Gault. An international collaboration led by scientists of the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Hawaii...

Every few hours observing the Moon, ESA’s ‘NELIOTA’ project discovers a brilliant flash of light across its surface – the result of an object hurtling through space and striking our unprotected...

Placeholder article about most recent CAFS.

Andrea Milani, professor of mathematics at Pisa University, passed away unexpectedly last Wednesday while cycling near Pisa. With his deep knowledge and understanding on the Solar System dynamics,...

Registration is open for the ESA NEO and Debris Detection Conference - Exploiting Synergies, which will be held at ESA/ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany, 22 - 24 January 2019. The deadline for the...

'Oumuamua, an object from another star system that made a brief appearance in our skies turns out to be a tiny interstellar comet. Read more: https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science

For the third time in recent history of asteroid detection a NEO was detected a few hours before it entered the Earth atmosphere (the two previous cases were 2008 TC3 and 2014 AA). Asteroid 2018 LA...

One of our collaborators, E. Schwab, has been featured in a recent story by the Calar Alto observatory (CAHA) in Spain.

At approximately 09:30 UT on 14 April 2018 the Catalina Sky Survey, in Arizona, discovered a bright magnitude 15 object moving at a sky speed of 10" per minute, in the constellation Libra. ...

During the first month of 2018 two objects reached a Torino Scale level of 1, and attracted the attention of observers with the goal of collecting additional observations necessary to remove the...

A few weeks ago the Pan-STARRS survey discovered a new NEO, temporarily identified as P10G8tt and then formally designated 2018 AM12. Follow-up observations over the next few days allowed the...

On 19 October the Pan-STARRS telescope, one of the NASA-funded surveys dedicated to discovering new NEOs, found an object that proved to be extremely unique: for the first time, an asteroid...

A bright fireball occurred over The Netherlands on 21 September 2017 at 19:00 UTC (21:00 CEST). In addition to many individual sightings, it was also recorded by an all-sky camera dedicated to...

As part of an international observing campaign, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft has been imaged during our normal monthly observing run on 16 September with the OGS telescope in Tenerife. In the attached...

An international campaign has revealed that an asteroid will come within 44 000 km of our planet in October, providing a rare opportunity for intensive studies. Astronomers recently spotted...

On the morning of 30 May 2017 our team, in collaboration with ESO and using the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, obtained recovery observations of 1991 VG, a famous near-Earth object with an...